Fact 3
Prebiotic forces cannot arrange DNA nucleobases that contain the stored information of the DNA strand.
DNA information requires not only the building blocks, but the building blocks must be organized in a specific sequence to produce a viable result. Information is also stored in proteins, carbohydrates, and RNA.
DNA Information-DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that stores and transmits genetic information in all living organisms. It provides the instructions for building proteins and regulating cellular activities.
Structure of DNA
ChatGPT
DNA is a double helix composed of two complementary strands of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of:
1. Sugar (Deoxyribose)
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
The nitrogenous bases pair specifically:
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T)
Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G)
The strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases and form a double helixwith an antiparallel orientation.
ChatGPT
DNA code refers to the specific sequence of nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA) that carry the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. DNA is made up of four nucleotide bases:
A = Adenine
T = Thymine
C = Cytosine
G = Guanine
These bases pair up (A with T, C with G) and form the “rungs” of the DNA double helix.
The “Code”
The genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, which are the building blocks of proteins. For example:
ATG = Methionine (start codon)
GAA = Glutamic acid
TAA, TAG, TGA = Stop codons
Summary
DNA’s code is like a recipe book:
The letters (A, T, C, G) spell out instructions.
The words (codons) tell cells which amino acids to link.
The sentences (genes) become proteins, which do everything in the body.
Grok3
Human DNA contains about 3 billion base pairs, encoding roughly 6 billion bits of information (since each base pair can be one of four types, represented by 2 bits). However, the actual functional information is much less:
Genes: Only ~1-2% of DNA codes for proteins (20,000-25,000 genes), equating to roughly 60-100 million bits of coding information.
Non-coding DNA: The rest includes regulatory sequences, structural elements, and repetitive regions, contributing to complexity but not directly to “information” in a traditional sense.
Compressed information: If considering only unique, functional sequences, estimates suggest the essential information could be compressed to ~750 megabytes to 1 gigabyte, akin to a large software program.
This doesn’t account for epigenetic modifications or dynamic interactions, which add layers of complexity beyond raw sequence data. Comparisons to digital storage (e.g., “DNA = 1.5 GB”) oversimplify, as biological systems use information differently than computers.
All of this code must be arrange in the correct order or life does not exist.
Functions of DNA
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1. Genetic Information Storage
Contains the instructions for all cellular functions.
2. Replication
DNA can copy itself to ensure genetic continuity during cell division.
3. Protein Synthesis
Transcription: DNA is used as a template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA)
Translation: mRNA is translated into proteins by ribosomes.
ChatGPT
The simplest known single-cell organism is Mycoplasma genitalium, a bacterium with one of the smallest genomes of any free-living organism. Here’s a quick breakdown:
Genome
Has around 580,000 base pairs and about 525 genes, which is remarkably small compared to other bacteria.
No explanation on how DNA and RNA coding is done randomly
Grok3
Dr. James Tour, a synthetic organic chemist at Rice University, argues that the origin of life, particularly the formation of DNA’s complex information, cannot be explained by random processes in prebiotic conditions. In his lectures and writings, like those referenced in Evolution News and Discovery Institute discussions, he emphasizes the immense chemical challenges in abiogenesis. For instance, he notes that even synthesizing basic life molecules like proteins or RNA is extraordinarily difficult without guided processes, comparing it to the complexity of designing nanocars, which is “child’s play” in comparison.
Tour critiques naturalistic explanations—chance, primordial soup, or unguided chemical evolution—as inadequate. He highlights issues like the instability of peptides in water and the lack of progress on the sequence specificity problem for DNA/RNA. He argues that the information in DNA, requiring precise sequencing, resembles a digital code that random prebiotic chemistry cannot produce, echoing Dr. Stephen Meyer’s points about specified complexity. Tour also debunks oversimplified “primordial soup” narratives, calling them misleading and not reflective of current scientific understanding.
He advocates for admitting scientific ignorance on life’s origin, stating, “Nobody understands [prebiotic chemistry]”, and encourages exposing students to these gaps to inspire new theories. His stance aligns with intelligent design, though he focuses on chemical improbability rather than explicitly endorsing a designer. For more, see his YouTube series on abiogenesis or The Mystery of the Origin of Life lecture.
Episode 12.2/13: Cell Construction & Assembly Problem
Scientists Deceive Public. Dr. Rob Stadler Dissects Origin of Life Science Claims on RNA Replication
DNA and RNA Coding Shows Evidence of Design
Grok3
Dr. Stephen Meyer argues that the complex, specified information in DNA cannot arise randomly in prebiotic conditions. In Signature in the Cell, he highlights the improbability of functional proteins or DNA forming by chance, citing calculations like a 1 in 10^125 probability for a short functional protein (150 amino acids). He critiques naturalistic explanations—chance, prebiotic natural selection, and chemical necessity—as inadequate. Chance fails due to the vast improbability of assembling specific sequences. Prebiotic natural selection is dismissed as it presupposes self-replicating systems, which already require information. Chemical necessity, like self-ordering molecules, produces repetitive patterns, not the aperiodic, specified complexity of DNA, akin to a meaningful sentence versus a repetitive sequence like “ABABAB.” Meyer concludes that no known natural process can generate the information in DNA under prebiotic conditions, favoring intelligent design.
DNA Information - Design
DNA Information - Design 2
How Information Flows Through Your Cell
Grok3
DNA information flows through cells via the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.
Here’s how it works:
1. DNA in the Nucleus:
DNA, stored in the cell’s nucleus, contains genetic instructions encoded in its sequence of nucleotides (A, T, C, G).
2. Transcription (DNA to RNA):
When a gene is activated, an enzyme called RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence.
It creates a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) strand by pairing nucleotides (e.g., DNA’s A pairs with RNA’s U).
This mRNA is processed (e.g., introns removed, exons spliced) and exits the nucleus.
3. Translation (RNA to Protein):
In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome.
The ribosome reads the mRNA in groups of three nucleotides (codons), each coding for a specific amino acid.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules deliver the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome.
The ribosome links amino acids together, forming a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein.
4. Protein Function:
Proteins perform most cellular functions, such as catalyzing reactions (enzymes), signaling, or structural roles.
Some proteins regulate gene expression, creating feedback loops to control DNA information flow.
Key Notes:
This process occurs in all eukaryotic cells (with nuclei) and is similar but simpler in prokaryotes (no nucleus).
Errors in transcription or translation can lead to faulty proteins, potentially causing diseases.
Epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation) can regulate which genes are expressed without altering the DNA sequence.
This flow (DNA → RNA → Protein) is the basis for how genetic information drives cellular function and heredity.
This complexity is an intentional process designed for life and not produced by random processes.
Your Operating System ｜Eukaryotic Transcription
Fact 3 Summary
No explanation on how DNA and RNA coding is done randomly.
DNA and RNA coding shows evidence of design.
How information flows through your cell.
Overview
Fact 1: Prebiotic forces cannot create the basic DNA or RNA structure.
Fact 2: Prebiotic forces cannot create the basic building blocks needed for the development of the basic cell.
Fact 3: Prebiotic forces cannot arrange DNA nucleobases that contain the stored information of the DNA strand.
Prebiotic forces cannot create the building blocks of the building blocks. We have discussed how no experiments have shown how random prebiotic forces created nucleotides, carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids, which form more complex structures of DNA, RNA, proteins (enzymes), and cell membranes.
Even if you were given perfect forms of DNA, RNA, all proteins, plenty of carbohydrates, and all the lipid cell membranes, you still would not have life without a functioning cell.
Fact 4: Prebiotic forces cannot create a basic cell which is required for the manipulation of DNA and recovery of its information.